GAGAVUZ
The administration in Gagauzia is carried out in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova, the Law on the "Special Legal Status of the Gagauzia", the Gagauz Mother Law and the local laws enacted by the Gagauz People's Community.
If the status of the Republic of Moldova as an independent state is changed, the people of Gagauz have the right to self-determination. Gagauzia; It independently solves problems related to politics, economy and culture within the framework of the powers granted by the Law on Special Legal Status of Gagauzia. Gagauzia has its own national symbols, coat of arms, flag and anthem. However, it is difficult to say that Gagauzia has the full powers brought by autonomy. For example, he still cannot make his own budget, and can spend it within the permit of the central budget.
The top official of Gagauzia, who is in charge of the executive, is the president.
The President of Gagauzia is elected by the people for four years. The President of Gagauzia is also authorized to be a Government Member of the Republic of Moldova by the decision of the President of Moldova.
The permanent executive body of Gagauzia is the Executive Committee. Suggested by the President of Gagauzia and appointed by the People's Assembly for four years. The Executive Committee has the right to send a draft law to the People's Assembly or to ask for a law on that matter.
The administrative units of Gagauzia (ministries) are the members of such institutions as the Heads of Departments, as well as the relevant Ministries and authorities of the Republic of Moldova.
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The Gagauz people declared the Autonomous Gagauz Soviet Socialist Republic on 21 August 1990 in the region of Comrat, where the Gagauz people live most in the south. This decision was annulled by the Moldovan Supreme Soviet. On 25 October 1990, the Gagauz people made elections to create the Gagauz Republic, but Moldovan nationalists tried to prevent this attempt by sending 50,000 armed volunteers to the region and violence was prevented by the intervention of Russian soldiers. As a result of the ongoing elections, a new Gagauz Supreme Soviet was established in Comrat on 31 October, and Stepan Topal was elected President. After Moldova declared its independence (27 August 1991), the Gagauz people also declared their republic. The Moldovan Parliament enacted the Special Legal Status of "Gagauzia" on 23 December 1994. According to the law, the Gagauz people were given the right to enact laws in various fields, provided that they do not contradict the Moldovan Constitution. The highest authority of Gagauz Place is the President and all the offices of Gagauz Place are subordinate to the President. The official language of Gagauz Place is Gagauz, Romanian and Russian. Gagauz people have the right to futility with this law. According to this law granting special status to the Gagauz (Article 113), the National Congress is authorized to make laws in the fields of culture, science, education, housing, municipal services, health, sports, budget, ecology, finance and economy provided that it does not contradict the Moldovan Constitution. 5].
GAGAVUZ PROMOTIONAL VIDEO
GAGAVUZ INTERNAL TRADE
In 2000, retail sales turnover amounted to 76 million ML (88.1% compared to 1999). As of January 1, 2001, the stock of goods that provided 46-day trade in retail trade amounted to 12 million ML.
Retail sales turnover amounted to 72 million ML in the January-September 2001 period (121% compared to the same period of 2000). As of October 1, 2001, the stock of goods that provided 50 days of trade in retail trade amounted to 17 million ML.
Gagauzia has a very high agricultural potential due to its fertile lands. It is thought that high efficiency can be obtained if new investments are made and modern technologies are used in the following areas: Grape processing, wine production fruit processing (peach, apricot, plum, apple, pear, quince, etc.); sunflower, corn, wheat, soybean production and processing; dairy production; wool and leather processing; manufacture of wool and leather products; production of tobacco and tobacco products
Private ownership of land promotes the development of farms. Gagauzia needs agricultural machinery, modern technologies and agricultural products packaging technologies, primarily working capital, leasing.
KOMRAT FESTIVAL in Gagauzia
Gagauz History
Currently, approximately 250 thousand Gagauz are settled in the territory of the former USSR. Most of them live in the Bucak region in the south of Moldova. Gagauz villages are located in Odessa and Zaporozhye provinces in Ukraine, Romania, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Kabardino. Apart from the "Gagauz Republic" in Moldova, 8,000 in Chisinau, 1,600 in Bender, 3,300 on the northern bank of the Dniester river, and around 20,000 in Bulgaria and Greece in the Balkans.
Gagauz people are ethnic Turks of Orthodox Christian origin. In the Byzantine written sources, the Oghuzs are recorded as nomadic tribes who crossed the Danube in the 11th century and settled in Macedonia, Paristrione, Greece and Bulgaria in the Balkans.
The Gagauz, who migrated to the Balkans in the 11th century, accepted Orthodox Christianity and later remained under Ottoman rule. The Gagauz, who could not withstand the pressure of the Bulgarians during the movements that started in the Balkans in the 18th and 19th centuries and aimed to become independent, immigrated to Russia over the Danube river between 1750 and 1846 and moved to the Danube regions (1769-1791) and Bessarabia (1801-1812). they are settled. Some of the Orthodox Christian Gagauz people living in Moldova and speaking Turkish, came to Moldova from Bulgaria during the Turkish-Russian wars at the beginning of the 19th century and lived under Russian, Romanian and Soviet rule, except for the 15-day independence period in 1906.
Numerous historians, ethnographers and linguists consider the Gagauz people, who lived more than two centuries in Dobruja under the name of "Dobruja Principality" or "Uzi State", whose administrative center was the city of Korbuna, as one of the most original peoples of the Turkic World.
Apart from the 15 days of independence in 1906, when the Comrat Republic was declared after the revolt of the peasants, the Gagauz people remained under the rule of the Russian Empire, Romania, Germany (during the World War II) and the Soviet Union.
At the end of the 1980s, when the changes towards democracy were initiated in the Soviet Union, the national consciousness around Gagauz intellectuals began to spread, and the opportunity to assert the existence of Gagauz's cultural and economic problems emerged. Active members of Gagauz intellectuals combined the efforts of other ethnic minorities and founded the "Gagauz People Movement" in 1988.
The movement named "Gagauz People", which held its first congress in May 1989, controlled the cultural and economic affairs of the autonomous Republic of Gagauz, which will be established in southern Moldova with Comrat as its capital, and made its first important exit with the demand for an autonomous administration under Moldova. has done.
Republic of Gagauz
The Gagauz people declared the Autonomous Gagauz Soviet Socialist Republic on 21 August 1990 in the region of Comrat, where the Gagauz people live most in the south. This decision was annulled by the Moldovan Supreme Soviet. On 25 October 1990, the Gagauz people made elections to form the Gagauz Republic, but Moldovan nationalists tried to prevent this initiative by sending 50,000 armed volunteers to the region and violence was prevented by the intervention of Russian soldiers. As a result of the ongoing elections, a new Gagauz Supreme Soviet was established in Comrat on 31 October, and Stepan Topal was elected President. After Moldova declared its independence (27 August 1991), the Gagauz people also declared their republic. The Moldovan Parliament enacted the Special Legal Status of "Gagauzia" on 23 December 1994. According to the law, the Gagauz people were given the right to enact laws in various fields, provided that they do not contradict the Moldovan Constitution. The highest authority of Gagauz Place is the President and all the offices of Gagauz Place are subordinate to the President. The official language of Gagauz Place is Gagauz, Romanian and Russian. Gagauz to this law Rights Geleceklik is known. Gagauz According to this law granting special status (Article 113), the National Congress, culture, science, education, housing, municipal services, health, fitness, budget, ecology, finance and economics Moldova Constitution is contrary to is authorized to make laws with the condition [ 5] .
Gagauz Geography
The general land fund of the region is 181,100 hectares of which 150,100 hectares of agricultural land. (65,400 hectares of carbonated soil; 63,400 hectares of ordinary black soil). These soil types have less moisture and there is about 280-350 tons of humus in one meter layer on a hectare. The fertility of the soil is lower throughout Moldova, at 71-82 degrees.
The climate is hot. The temperature at +10 degrees is 179-187 days a year. Active temperatures amount to over 3,300 degrees. Average precipitation rate is 350-370 mm. Its annual hydrothermic coefficient is 0.7-0.8. For this reason, the region is often adversely affected by drought. Mineral raw material resources are estimated to be 23 million m (clay (very high quality in tile and brick production) and 18 million m³ of gravel sand deposits. The water stocks of the region mainly consist of groundwater (estimated volume 8-10 million m³). Earth waters (small streams and lakes) are limited and cannot be used for irrigation due to high mineralization rate.
Due to the lack of forests and local energy resources, the region has to supply energy from outside. In the future, solar and wind energy can be brought to the agenda as alternative energy sources by taking advantage of the experience of other countries.
Gagauz Infrastructure
The restructuring of the infrastructure is based on state and private ownership forms as well as new legal, economic and organizational principles. The weakest place in Gagauzia's infrastructure is drinking water supply and irrigation. As in other branches of infrastructure, water supply requires a great deal of capital. However, the solution of this problem is a priority, because the precondition for the socio-economic development of this region is to solve these problems.
The Republic of Turkey in June 1994 for the realization of the Gagauz District of drinking water and irrigation projects have opened a $ 35 million loan, but Moldova's Parliament has approved a $ 15 million, but some of these loans. With this amount, the drinking water project in the city of Comrat was fully realized and the Çadır-Lunga project was partially realized. Studies on the approval of the second part of the loan are still ongoing.
Recently, there has been a decrease in the state-owned part of the investments in infrastructure, and an increase in the private sector.
The length of the highways in use is 451.5 km. Of these, 219.8 km are national highways, and 192 km - local highways. 86% of the highways are asphalt.
In the cities of Gagauzia, there are 18 phones for 100 people, and 8.5 phones for 100 people in the villages. The coverage of television and radio broadcasts in the whole region is included. Renewed with the technical assistance of TIKA, Gagauz radio can be watched from the whole of Comrat and a part of the city of Çadır-Lunga for now. Studies are continuing to ensure that this radio can be watched throughout Gagauzia. TRT-FM broadcasts are available from radio in the period remaining from Gagauzian broadcasts.
Gagauz Industrial Zones
In 2000, 163 million ML of products (business, service) were produced by the industrial enterprises in the Gagauz Autonomous Region. There was a 7.5% decrease compared to the previous year.
Clothing production increased 3 times, canned food production 1.9 times and wine production 1.6 times compared to the previous year. In addition, thermal energy production is 40%, pasta products and feed production 74%, animal fat production 73%, meat production 69%, salami, sausage products and vegetable oil 63%, bread production 42%, dairy production 41%. Bulgur and fermentation tobacco production decreased by 32% .
During the period January - September 2001, 163 million ML (16% increase compared to the same period of 2000) were produced by the industrial enterprises within the borders of Gagauzia [3].
Currently, the industrial potential of Gagauzia is promoted with around 30 large industrial facilities. 17 of these are food industry facilities.
Employment in the industry is about 4 thousand people (year 2000). Gagauzia's industrial sector; It has the capacity to process 150 thousand tons of grapes, 10 thousand tons of tobacco fermentation, 148 thousand tons of flour, 200 thousand tons of feed, 21 thousand tons of meat processing, 21 thousand tons of dairy products.
Main industrial facilities
Eight large wine factories,
Basarabia-Agroexport. Consortium (fruit-vegetable canned food, fruit juices),
Three flour mills,
Tobacco fermentation factory,
Meat Combination,
Three dairy factories,
Three feed factories,
A rug factory,
Seven garment factories,
Electrothermic machinery factory,
Reinforced concrete products factory,
Gagauz Education and Culture
There are 55 schools in Gagauzia that provide education at primary, secondary and high school levels. While some of these schools only provide primary, secondary and high school education, some of them provide all of these education.
Also important Republic of Turkey and that there are benefits in cash was found in Comrat University.
In Comrat, there are all kinds of resources for those who want to do scientific work in the Atatürk Library, which is the most important cultural center in the region established by TİKA. There is the Mihail Çakır Gagauz National Theater in the city of Çadır-Lunga, where plays in the Gagauz mother tongue are staged.
There are museums in the city of Comrat, the administrative center of the Gagauz Region, in the cities of Çadır-Lunga, Vulkaneşti and Beşalma village, which is an important source of Gagauz history. There are 45 libraries independent of school libraries in Gagauzia.
There are also Gagauz national song and folklore ensembles called Straight Ava and "Womanly". Apart from these, there are also other similar communities.
ValtaneÅŸ Free Zone
ValkaneÅŸ Industrial Park, the first free entrepreneurship zone in Gagauzia, is located in the south of the Republic of Moldova, where three countries (Moldova, Romania, Ukraine) meet, with a land of 143.7 hectares. 35 km to the border with Romania, 1 km to the border with Ukraine. The Free Entrepreneurship Zone is located next to the main railway line connecting Reni Sea Port (Odessa Region, Ukraine, 38 km) and Galats Sea Port (Romania, 48 km) on the Danube river. Odessa city is 260 km away and Chisinau city is 180 km away.
The Law on ValkaneÅŸ Industrial Park Free Entrepreneurship Zone was adopted by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova on February 19, 1998. The establishment purpose of the Free Zone is to attract foreign investment and technology. The activity period of the zone has been determined as 25 years. In the Law of the Republic of Moldova, guarantees and exemptions that provide favorable business conditions for companies operating in the region are stipulated. The administrative body of the region is the administration headed by the General Director appointed by the Government of the Republic of Moldova. The Administration of the Free Zone has broad powers in matters related to the development of the economic life of the zone. Real and legal persons and completely foreign companies in Moldova, which also has a share of foreign capital, can operate in the Free Zone. The registration of companies that will operate in the Free Zone is carried out by the administration of the zone.
The following types of activities have been determined in the ValkaneÅŸ Industrial Park Free Entrepreneurship Zone:
Ecologically clean industrial production,
Transport, warehouse and communication services,
Build,
Financial intermediation,
Wholesale trade,
Transactions related to real estate,
Individual services,
Hospitality and restaurant management.
