UZBEKISTAN
In the history, for the first time in the name of Uzbek 13th century. It is encountered at the end. One of the Turkic tribes belonging to the Golden Army state, the western branch of the Mongol Empire (1196-1227) established by Genghis Khan, was named after their khan Özbek Khan (1282-1342). The first Uzbek rule in Central Asia in the 16th century. He started with Muhammed Şeybani Han, who defeated the last Timur dynasty in Samarkand and established his own state in Transoxiana. This domination, which lasted until the 18th century, was replaced by the Hive and Hokand Khanates established in the same region and the Emirate of Bukhara.
The first domination of Tsarist Russia in the region began in 1867 with the establishment of the Governorship of Turkistan, whose center was Tashkent, and was completed within a decade with the seizure of the last remaining lands of the Hokand Khanate in Fergana (1876). On November 1, 1917, the Bolsheviks entered Tashkent and declared their sovereignty. In 1924, the Uzbekistan Soviet Socialist Republic was established, which included the territory of today's Uzbekistan. In 1930, it was transferred from the capital of Uzbekistan, Samarkand to Tashkent. Tashkent, which suffered a major earthquake on April 26, 1966, in which 300,000 people were left homeless, was rebuilt after that date. Finally, with the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Aliy Council of Uzbekistan accepted the declaration of its independence on 31 August 1991. He decided on September 1, 1991 as "Independence Day".
Shevket Miramanovic Mirziyoyev, Uzbek politician. He has been the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan since 12 December 2003 and the provisional President of Uzbekistan since 7 September 2016. He graduated from Tashkent Irrigation and Reclamation Institute in 1981. He served as the Governor of Jizzak between 1996 and September 2001.
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The population of Uzbekistan, the most populous country in Central Asia, is expected to reach 41 million in 2050, becoming the second among the former Soviet Union countries after Russia.
In addition to having a common border with all countries in Central Asia, Uzbek citizens living in these countries also enable Uzbekistan to be effective in the region.
In Uzbekistan, the state language is Uzbek, as well as Russian, as a result of the prolonged Soviet rule.
Home to the Timurids, Harzemshahs, Shabani, Mughal states established in Central Asia for centuries and the Emirate of Bukhara, Kokand and Khiva Khanates, which were overthrown by Tsar Russia in the 19th century, Uzbekistan declared its independence on 31 August 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Uzbekistan, which includes Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan among its neighbors, is one of the two countries in the world that even its neighbors have no access to the open sea. Another country with the same feature is Liechtenstein.
Uzbekistan, like other Central Asian countries, has a continental climate that is hot and dry in summers and cold in winters. In the east and northeast of the country, there are Tanrı Mountains and Pamir Mountains. In its central part is the Kızılkum Desert, one of the largest deserts in the world.
The largest lake in the region, Aral, started to dry up as a result of wrong agricultural policies during the Soviet period, and became a major environmental disaster for Uzbekistan.
TAJIKISTAN PROMOTIONAL VIDEO
UZBEKISTAN - TURKISH FRIENDSHIP COMMERCIAL
Foreign Economic Relations Board (DEIK) hosted by the Turkey-Uzbekistan Business Forum, Vice President Fuat Oktay TC, Uzbekistan Deputy Prime Ely Ganiyeva, Foreign Economic Relations Board (DEIK) President Nail Olpak, Uzbekistan-Turkey Business Council and the Turkey-Uzbekistan Business Council It was held in Ankara with the participation of President İzzet Ekmekçibaşı, Chairman of Uzbekistan Chamber of Commerce and Industry Adham İkramov and businessmen of more than 450 countries.
Saying that Uzbekistan has been a center of science, trade and culture for centuries as a jewel in the Crown of Transoxiana, Turkish Vice President Fuat Oktay said, "Today, bilateral trade and economic relations between our countries are rising on these heart bridges established in the past. we observed the following welcomed the Turkey-Uzbekistan relationship. as you know, our President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Recep, Samarkand in their visit on November 18, 2016 President of Uzbekistan Mr. Shaukat already had a friendly conversation with Mirziyoyev. this meeting was an important milestone in our bilateral relations. our relations in 2017 "Strategic Partnership In this context, we are planning to hold the first meeting of the Council within the scope of President Mirziyoyev's visit to our country this year. Our business has grown very seriously. Today, Turkey, Uzbekistan's fourth most among exporting countries, and ranks fifth on the import. We are pleased that our country is an important actor in Uzbekistan's foreign trade. However, we must accelerate our efforts to reach the target of 5 billion dollars foreign trade volume set by our President. Within this framework, it is our primary goal to expand the scope of the works on the Preferential Trade Agreement, which is carried out with great effort by the relevant ministries, and conclude them quickly. "
UZBEKISTAN History
There is no information about the first periods of the history of the Uzbek people. This name was first given to Uzbeks by Gıyaseddin Muhammed Özbek, the ruler of Altınordu, who ruled between 1313 and 1340. The Uzbeks, who lived scattered in the region north of the Aral Lake and Seyhun River in the lands of the Timur Empire, which weakened after the death of Timur Khan, gathered under the rule of Ebü'l-Hayr and declared it a khan for themselves in 1428. In a short time, they got stronger and took the other tribes in the region under their domination. They captured cities such as Sığnak, Arkuk, Suzak, Özkent on the coast of Ceyhun-Irmağı and made Sığnak the capital city of them. When the Kalmyks were defeated in the expeditions to Turkistan sides, the Başbuğs named Kanay and Canibek, who took advantage of this situation, took shelter in Çağatay Inn by taking some Uzbeks with them. These Uzbeks who left the region were called Kazakh or Kyrgyz sweaters.
After the death of Ebü'l-Hayr, the Uzbeks were defeated and dispersed by the Çağatay-Mongolian ruler Yunus Hana. Ebü'l-Hayr's son Şah Budak was killed by Yunus Han. The Uzbeks dispersed gathered around Shah Budak's son Muhammed Şeybek (Şeybani). Since this date, the Uzbeks, also known as Şeybaniler, took advantage of the internal turmoil in the Timurids State in 1500 and captured Bukhara and put an end to the Timur dynasty. The Uzbeks, who captured Harezm and Hive, defeated the Chagatay ruler Babür. Having conquered Balkh, Herat and Tashkent, the Uzbeks became the strongest state in Central Asia.
The Uzbeks were defeated by the Safavids for a while, and although some regions were lost, they took them back in 1512. Uzbek domination continued in Transoxiana throughout the 16th century. Six months after the death of the Second Abdullah Khan in 1598, when his son Abdulmü was killed by his supporters, the rule of the Uzbeks country passed to the Canoğulları (Astırhan Khans), who were relatives of the Şeybani.
The Uzbeks constantly fought with the Shia-Safavids in Iran throughout the sixteenth century. They tried to establish good relations with the Ottoman people who were Sunnah and the Mughal people in India. Until the middle of the 17th and 18th century, they remained under the rule of the Astırhanlar Khanate. The Astırhanlar Khanate was destroyed by Nadir Shah in 1740.
After the death of Nadir Shah, the sovereignty passed to Manghithanlar dynasty instead of Canoğulları. This dynasty continued to dominate until 1860. The Uzbeks, who remained under the domination of the Bukhara Khanate, which continued semi-independently under the auspices of the Russians who advanced into Turkistan since 1860, lived under various pressures from the Russians.
Most of the lands where Uzbekistan is located today was under the administration of Khiva, Bukhara and Hokand khanates in the 19th century. After the 1917 Soviet Revolution, an interim government was established in the region, in which Uzbeks and other Muslims had little say. The government established by the Muslims who gathered a national congress in Hokand in December 1917 under the leadership of Mustafa Çokayev was overthrown by the Russian soldiers sent in 1918. After the coup, a resistance movement known as the Basmaci uprising began against the new administration. The establishment of the Harezm and Bukhara Soviet People's Republics caused the Basmacı Revolt to spread. As a result of the reforms initiated by the Turkestan Commission in 1922, the uprising lost its effect.
In 1924, with the arrangement that redefined the borders in Central Asia and Kazakhstan on ethnic grounds, the Khwarezm, Bukhara and Turkistan republics were distributed and the territory of the region was divided among Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan.
Uzbekistan declared its independence in August 1991 as a result of the renewal movements that started in the Soviet Union in 1989. It was later attached to the established Commonwealth of Independent States.
Republic of UZBEKISTAN
A Turkish state located in Central Asia. To the north is the Russian Federation, the Ural Mountains and Southern Siberia, to the east, Mongolia and East Turkistan, to the south, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Aladag, Tanrı Mountains and Aral Lake, and to the west the Caspian Sea. The east and west borders are 3000 km, and the north and south borders are 1500 km.
Geography of UZBEKISTAN
UZBEKISTAN Physical Structure
The flat and arid western part forms the majority of Uzbekistan's lands. The alluvial Turan Plain in the northwest merges with the Kızılkum Desert in the south. Üstyurt Plateau in the west has a slightly wavy flat surface. The most important feature of the region is low mountain ranges and closed basins covered with salt marshes, sinkholes and caves. Ceyhun Delta is covered with alluvial soils. Most of the Kizilkum Desert remains within the territory of the country. The east of Uzbekistan is mountainous. The mountain ranges that make up the western parts of the Tanrı Mountains make the region rough. These are the Ugam, Pskem, Çatkal and Kuramin mountain ranges. Fergana, the largest valley of Central Asia, is in this region.
The most important lake is Aral Lake. Apart from the Amuderya (Ceyhun) and Siriderya (Seyhun) rivers, there are 600 streams of various sizes.
UZBEKISTAN Population and Social Life
Up to 60 different ethnic groups make up the population of Uzbekistan, which reaches 21 million. Uzbeks constitute 71.4% of the population, Russians 10.8%, Kazakhs 4%, Tajiks 3.9%, and other ethnic groups 9.9%. Although urbanization is fast, three quarters of Uzbeks live in rural areas. The most living ethnic group in Tashkent, the largest settlement in Central Asia, are Russians. The most important cities of Uzbekistan are Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva and Hokand.
Despite the influence of Russia, education and culture in Uzbekistan have improved greatly. Tashkent University was established in 1920. Today, the number of universities has reached 46. In Uzbekistan, where secondary education is compulsory, the literacy rate is close to 100%. Uzbekistan universities are major science centers.
After the Russians captured Uzbekistan, they mobilized everything to eliminate the national consciousness and devotion to religion in the Turks. The most common method used for this outside of printing was Russification. The Russification method was carried out first by making the Russian language very common. But despite these, Muslim Turks did not lose their faith and national feelings. After Uzbekistan declared its independence, religious bans were lifted, many mosques, masjids and madrasas were opened and religious activities increased significantly.
Semekand and Bukhara cities of Uzbekistan have been centers of science and culture throughout history. Its effects still continue today. In these cities; Scholars and scholars such as Biruni, Uluğ Bey, Kadızade-i Rumi, Ali Şir Nevai, Gıyaseddin Cemşid Kaşi Eş-Şirazi, Ubeydullah-ı Ahrar, Necmeddin-i Kübra were trained.
UZBEKISTAN Economy
Uzbekistan's economy is based on industry and agriculture. It is the third cotton producer in the world. Silkworm is widely used. Its grapes are famous. Its climate and vegetation is suitable for cattle and sheep fattening. Karakul sheep are mostly fed in the region.
Uzbekistan is the most important machinery and heavy equipment manufacturer in Central Asia. The extracted natural gas is sent to the neighboring republics via the pipeline. The most important light industrial products are cotton and silk fabric. Caviar, dried, smoked and salted fish are produced in Muynak, located on the shores of the Aral Lake.
Uzbekistan is rich in underground resources. The rich natural gas, gold and uranium deposits in Navoi province have caused the region to develop rapidly. A cement factory, large chemical industry and power plant were established in the region. Approximately 80 tons of gold is mined annually from the gold mine in Muruntau in ZarafÅŸan, which is more than the production of the largest gold mines in the world. The mined mines are being processed in the state center Navoi.
After gaining independence Uzbekistan has entered into a tight diplomatic relations with Turkey. Economy, trade, credit, tourism and cultural agreements have been signed between the two countries.
UZBEKISTAN Turkey Relations
Uzbekistan's total trade volume with Turkey, in 2003 272 million in 2004, an increase of 40 percent was due to $ 388 million. In 2007, bilateral trade reached a total of 838 million dollars, with 225 million exports and 613 million imports, an increase of 0 compared to the previous year.
As of April 2006, the number of companies with Turkish partners in official records rose to 376 again. Turkish companies have an important place in Uzbekistan's economic life. Investments are made by Turkish companies, especially in the field of textiles. The financial value of the projects undertaken by Turkish construction companies has exceeded 1.6 billion Dollars.
These business partnerships were established to operate in automotive, food, leather, cleaning materials and other sectors, especially in the textile sector. It is estimated that the project amount of the manufacturing investments made by the joint companies is approximately 1 billion dollars and the Turkish capital in the joint investments is around 600 million dollars.
Turkey's exports to Uzbekistan items are shown to be the most important export product is analyzed on the basis of carpet. In 2002, 18.8 percent of Turkey's total exports to this country has created these items. Other important items include plastics, boilers and machinery, automotive and sub-industry, paper, cardboard, aluminum and aluminum products.
While imports from Turkey to Uzbekistan focused on specific items. That is, in 2002, 47 percent of our total imports from this country were cotton and 30.6 percent were copper and copper products.
